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All (3100) Scripture Commentary (2040) Theology (98) Mike Winger (942) Pulpit (20)
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Comprehensive list of differences between wives and slaves in Scripture

Mike provides a systematic comparison.

Ephesians 5-6 Ephesians 5-6 wives vs slaves comparison slavery objection refutation
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Definitions of egalitarian and complementarian positions.

Setting up key terms for the discussion

complementarianism egalitarianism elder
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Some complementarians believe women shouldn't have authority over men in any sphere — marriage, church, or society.

Describing the range of complementarian views

complementarianism patriarchalism three spheres of authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Prophecy has a passive element: the prophet relays God's instructions but does not have authority to make decisions for God.

Nature of prophetic authority vs. governmental authority

eldership David Nathan
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

God doesn't rule out women being prophets; female prophets existed when good men were available (Miriam, Huldah), refuting the 'no good men' argument.

Key conclusion on female prophets

Miriam Huldah prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Women in politics with some authority over men doesn't seem ruled out; Deborah is a shining example — application to church eldership will come later.

Application of Deborah for women in political leadership

eldership Deborah women in politics
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Full reading of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16 without commentary

Mike reads the entire passage from the NASB translation to establish familiarity before analysis.

1 Corinthians 11:2-16 NASB 1 Corinthians 11:2-16
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Women's participation in early church was countercultural but distinctly Christian

Mike discusses the contrast with Jewish and Greco-Roman culture.

women in early church Greco-Roman context Jewish context
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's third argument: 'because of the angels' (verse 10)

Mike briefly introduces this peripheral but hotly debated phrase.

1 Corinthians 11:10 because of the angels 1 Corinthians 11:10 angelic observers
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's fifth argument: universal church custom (verse 16)

Mike explains the appeal to all churches practicing head coverings.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:16 universal church practice Roman Catholic
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Craig Keener's cloth covering egalitarian view

Mike presents the fifth interpretive approach.

kephale Craig Keener cloth covering view
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 3: What does kephale mean? Conclusions from video 8 on male headship

Mike references his prior detailed study on kephale.

kephale headship church history
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Evidence that headship is transcultural: creation order, Ephesians 5, and the danger of cultural relativism

Mike builds his case that headship is not culturally bound.

Ephesians 5:22-24 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 Ephesians 5:22-24 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 cultural hermeneutics
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Synthesis of cultural evidence: Paul preserves gender-role meaning of coverings against both rich women and Roman ritual practices

Mike draws together all cultural background evidence.

1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 cultural synthesis
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 6: What does Paul want women to do? Wear coverings for headship, creation order, and universal custom

Mike applies conclusions to women's instructions.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 14: How does it apply today? The argument FOR transcultural head coverings (7 points)

Mike seriously engages the pro-head-covering position.

head covering movement transcultural application Elizabeth Farians
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Warning: head coverings can be a gateway into cults and weird teachings

Mike offers a pastoral warning to the head covering movement.

head covering movement cult dangers secondary issues
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 as a highly controversial passage

Mike reads the passage and acknowledges modern readers will find it offensive, but states his main concern is understanding what it actually means in context.

1 Corinthians 14:34-35 biblical authority 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 women's silence in church
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Overview of the egalitarian vs. complementarian debate

Mike frames the two polar opposite positions on women in ministry as context for the five views he will present.

complementarianism egalitarianism gender roles
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 3: The Education/Clatter View

Mike introduces a cluster of related views that shift the focus from women per se to education or disruptive behavior.

education view clatter view Dionysus cult
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 4: The Utter Silence View

Mike introduces the most strict complementarian view, which limits women from nearly all public speech in church.

complementarianism utter silence view women's speech in church
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 5: The Judging Prophecy View (Mike's own view)

Mike introduces his preferred interpretation, which limits the silence command specifically to the testing/judging of prophecy.

complementarianism judging prophecy view testing prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 1: Verses differ from the main theme of 1 Corinthians 12-14 -- rebutted

Mike refutes the claim that these verses do not fit the theme of chapters 12-14.

1 Corinthians 14:40 1 Corinthians 14:40 Pauline style church order
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Two more key terms: 'en ekklesia' and 'hupotasso' found throughout the context

Mike continues demonstrating the passage's consistency with its surrounding context using Greek terms.

1 Corinthians 14:28 1 Corinthians 14:32 hupotasso Pauline style 1 Corinthians 14:28
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 4: Paul would never appeal to the law to endorse church discipline -- rebutted

Mike addresses the claim that Paul's reference to 'the law' in verse 34 is un-Pauline.

appeal to the law law and Christian behavior Andy Stanley
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul appeals to the law in 1 Corinthians 9:8-11 as a direct counterexample

Mike provides a clear example of Paul using the OT law to establish principles for Christian behavior.

1 Corinthians 9:8-11 Deuteronomy 25:4 1 Corinthians 9:8-11 Deuteronomy 25:4 ministerial support
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 5: The phrase 'churches of the saints' is un-Pauline -- rebutted

Mike addresses the claim that the phrase 'churches of the saints' is not a phrase Paul would use.

1 Corinthians 1:2 Pauline style ekklesia saints
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The RSV does not actually support the quotation-refutation view

Mike argues that the RSV translators were not trying to communicate what Barr claims.

1 Corinthians 14:33b Beth Allison Barr RSV translation 1 Corinthians 14:33b
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Extended analysis of the Livy passage shows different concepts than 1 Corinthians 14

Mike reads the broader Livy context to show it concerns political lobbying, not learning.

Livy political lobbying learning vs. requesting
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The masculine gender of 'only' (monous) in verse 36 does not prove it addresses men specifically

Mike addresses the argument that the masculine word 'only' proves Paul is rebuking men, not the whole church.

1 Corinthians 14:36 1 Corinthians 14:36 D.A. Carson monous
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The refutation view creates internally contradictory beliefs about the Corinthians

Mike argues the refutation view requires believing contradictory things about Corinthian church practice simultaneously.

1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 11 Corinthian church practices internal consistency
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Ancient sources on disrupting lectures with uninformed questions

Mike acknowledges the historical evidence Keener cites about lecture decorum.

Craig Keener Plutarch ancient lecture etiquette
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Advantage of the education view: it explains the 'ask husbands at home' phrase well

Mike acknowledges the education view has one genuine strength.

1 Corinthians 14:35 education view 1 Corinthians 14:35 asking husbands at home
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problem with the education view: women were not so education-deprived in Christian context

Mike challenges the assumption that Corinthian women were significantly less educated than men in matters relevant to church.

1 Corinthians 12:2 Priscilla Apollos apostolic doctrine
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul spent 18 months in Corinth teaching men and women equally

Mike emphasizes the extensive Christian education Corinthian women had received by the time of this letter.

1 Corinthians 16:19 Apollos 1 Corinthians 16:19 Priscilla and Aquila
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Education View Hinge 1: Why only women? Why not uneducated men too?

Mike presents the first critical hinge point that undermines the education view.

1 Corinthians 10:1 1 Corinthians 12:1 Plutarch agnoeo idiotes
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

D.A. Carson: it is not plausible women are silenced because they were uneducated

Mike quotes Carson's response to the education view.

1 Corinthians 14:33b D.A. Carson 1 Corinthians 14:33b universal scope argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Education View Hinge 2: Why ALL women in EVERY church?

Mike presses the problem of universal scope for the education view.

Craig Keener universal scope women elders
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The education view fails the 'reread test'

Mike summarizes why the education view ultimately does not work.

education view reread test
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The Bacchus/Dionysus cult clatter explanation from CBE International

Mike examines the view promoted by the Center for Biblical Equality (CBE International) connecting the passage to ecstatic cult practices.

Livy CBE International Bacchus/Dionysus cult
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 4 analysis: The Utter Silence View

Mike begins analyzing the most strict complementarian view.

utter silence view women's speech prohibition
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The utter silence view has a plain reading advantage but relies on verses out of context

Mike acknowledges the surface-level appeal of this view while noting its limitations.

Luke 14:26 plain reading verses out of context Luke 14:26
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Utter Silence View Hinge 2: 1 Corinthians 11 proves women could prophesy publicly in church

Mike presents the strongest challenge to the utter silence view from within the same letter.

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:2-6 head coverings 1 Corinthians 11:5 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Tom Schreiner: Paul encourages women to pray and prophesy in church with proper adornment

Mike quotes complementarian scholar Tom Schreiner against the utter silence view.

1 Corinthians 11:16 Tom Schreiner 1 Corinthians 11:16 women's public prayer and prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Acts 2 and the Joel prophecy: men and women prophesied publicly at Pentecost

Mike cites Acts 2 as scriptural evidence against the utter silence view.

Joel 2 Acts 2:15-18 Joel 2 women prophesying Acts 2:15-18
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

View 5 analysis: The Judging Prophecy View -- Mike's preferred interpretation

Mike presents the increasingly common complementarian view that the passage restricts women from judging/testing prophecy.

church authority judging prophecy view testing prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Judging Prophecy Hinge 1: Was testing prophecy a real practice in the early church?

Mike establishes that testing/judging prophecy was indeed a regular church practice.

1 John 4:1 1 Corinthians 12:10 1 John 4:1 testing prophecy 1 Corinthians 12:10
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 confirms testing prophecy was standard practice

Mike provides additional scriptural evidence for the practice of testing prophecy.

1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 testing prophecy 1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 prophecy vs. scripture
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Elders have a natural role in judging prophecy due to their doctrinal guardianship function

Mike builds the case that elders must have been prominent in testing prophecy.

eldership doctrinal testing church governance
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Elders as the only universal biblical ongoing office with authority

Mike provides scriptural evidence for the elder/overseer role as the primary authority structure in the church.

Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 elder/overseer/bishop
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