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All (193) Mike Winger (193)
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Priests were teachers of the law, determined cleanness, mediated between people and God, bore the sins of the people — typologically pointing to Christ.

Functions of the priesthood and typological significance

1 Corinthians 15 Romans 5 typology priesthood 1 Corinthians 15
Mike Winger idea 2018-03-21

Reading of 2 Maccabees 12:38-46: Judas makes an expiatory sacrifice and prays for the dead soldiers

Full reading of the second key passage

atonement 2 Maccabees 12:38-46 prayers for the dead
Mike Winger idea 2018-03-21

Q&A — If purgatory exists, did Jesus still need to die? Catholic distinction: eternal vs. temporal consequences

Question on how purgatory relates to the atonement

atonement Jesus purgatory
Mike Winger idea 2018-03-28

The resurrection as the seal of approval on all Christian claims — it validates God's love, Jesus's atoning sacrifice, and the truth of the gospel

Q&A — response to Rachel Novoselac's question about how to know Jesus cares after the resurrection

gospel resurrection atonement
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Isaiah 53:5 — 'crushed for our iniquities': what does 'crushed' mean in context?

Ra claims Jesus was never 'crushed' as described in Isaiah 53

Isaiah 53:5 Suffering Servant Isaiah 53:5 Substitutionary atonement
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Isaiah 52:15 — kings shutting their mouths: shocked silence at the Messiah's work

Ra claims kings were never 'shut up' by Jesus, fulfilling Isaiah 52:15

Isaiah 52:15 Isaiah 52:15 Kings shutting mouths Sprinkling many nations
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Isaiah 53:4 — people thought he was stricken by God, but he was actually suffering for others

Ra claims the passage says God struck Jesus, but that Jesus was never actually struck by God

Isaiah 53:4-5 Suffering Servant Substitutionary atonement Isaiah 53:4-5
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Isaiah 53:10-11 — 'prolonging his days' is a resurrection prophecy, not a failed prediction

Ra claims Jesus's days were never prolonged as Isaiah 53 predicts

Isaiah 53:10-11 Isaiah 53:9 Messianic prophecy Suffering Servant Isaiah 53:10-11
Mike Winger idea 2018-09-05

Ra's claim that Christians make disconnected prophetic connections is refuted by the serpent-Satan identification, which is explicitly stated in Revelation 12:9.

Ra's second rant claims Christians invent connections between unrelated texts. Winger tests this with a specific example Ra implies.

Genesis 3 Revelation 12:9 Genesis 3 hermeneutics Bible prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2018-09-05

Q&A: Apologetics is like 'the jaws of life' — it cracks open entrenched unbelief so the gospel can reach in. The gospel remains primary; apologetics is an aid.

Viewer question: when talking to atheists, should we prioritize evidence for God or the gospel?

evangelism gospel apologetics
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-12

Brian Zahnd's false gospel is a core-level attack on Christianity, not mere theological disagreement

Winger opens the livestream by framing why he considers Zahnd's teaching unusually serious compared to typical theological disputes.

discernment gospel apologetics
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-12

Hebrews 10 and Mark 1:44 show that Jesus fulfilled the sacrificial system rather than rejecting or editing it

Winger addresses Zahnd's claim that Jesus 'picked a side' against sacrifice and against the Torah.

Psalm-40 Hebrews-10 Mark-1-44 atonement apologetics Jesus
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Substitutionary atonement: Jesus pays the price so believers can be born again

Mike states the positive gospel solution after showing the problem

gospel Messiah substitutionary atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-02-07

Hebrew Roots Movement: Should Christians uphold the Law of Moses?

Q&A on whether Christians should uphold the Law as Jesus did, since he was sinless in following it.

faith in Christ Hebrew Roots Movement Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-02-07

Christ as fulfillment of OT ceremonial types (Passover, Day of Atonement)

Mike argues that trusting in Christ means participating indirectly in the fulfillment of OT ceremonial law.

typology Passover Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-14

Closing message from Mike to skeptics: the evidence for Christianity is robust and surprising; Jesus really died for sins; God is personal and loves people; life is not purposeless

Mike's closing address to skeptic viewers

atonement gospel apologetics
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-27

Closing appeal: false intellectual barriers constructed by Street Epistemology prevent people from seriously considering the gospel

Mike's closing statement

Evangelism Gospel Street Epistemology
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-08

The necessity of Christ's atonement is biblically defensible; Jesus's Gethsemane prayer implies there was no other way to redeem fallen humanity

Response to question about whether God needed Christ's sacrifice in order to cleanse us for indwelling by the Holy Spirit

Matthew 26:39 atonement Matthew 26:39 Gethsemane
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-16

Isaiah 52:13-53:12 as messianic prophecy — full reading

McLatchie reads and introduces the Suffering Servant passage of Isaiah 53 as the premier example of messianic prophecy.

Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Suffering Servant substitutionary atonement messianic prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Was Eve under the law or under grace? Distinguishing pre-Mosaic commands from the Law of Moses

Q&A: Tom Kendrick about Eve

Genesis 3 Genesis 3 Eve grace
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Why was Jesus bound to the law? God's holiness requires punishment for sin; Jesus satisfies both justice and mercy

Q&A: Christina Hunt about why Jesus had to die

Psalm 85:10 atonement Jesus under the law holiness of God
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Introduction: topic triggered by viewer question and James White announcing he would listen

Mike Winger opens the Wednesday livestream and explains why he went deeper into limited atonement than originally planned; James White tweeting that he would listen prompted more thorough preparation.

James White 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 James White limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Definition of limited atonement: Jesus's death only paid for the sins of the elect

Winger defines limited atonement as the doctrine that God only provided payment for the sins of certain people (the elect), not for all humanity.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Three aspects of the atonement framework: intent, extent, and application

Winger introduces a three-part analytical framework for the atonement, crediting Dr. David Allen for helping him prepare.

atonement intent of atonement extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Comparison chart: limited atonement vs. universal atonement vs. universalism on extent and application

Winger presents a visual chart distinguishing three views based on extent and application of the atonement.

limited atonement TULIP extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Critique: limited atonement is mostly supported by philosophical reasoning, not direct scriptural teaching

Winger argues that most support for limited atonement comes from logical inference from other doctrines, not clear biblical texts.

theological method Scripture authority limited atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 — the Calvinist logical argument for limited atonement from this text

Winger presents the viewer's question and the Calvinist logical argument drawn from 2 Corinthians 5:14-15.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 all have died
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Even granting the Calvinist reading of 2 Cor 5:14, it only affirms Jesus died for the elect — it does not deny he died for others

Winger grants the Calvinist interpretation hypothetically to show it still does not prove limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 fallacy of negative inference
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Fallacy of negative inference illustrated by Galatians 2:20

Winger uses Galatians 2:20 to illustrate that affirming Christ's death for one person or group does not imply he did not die for others.

Galatians 2:20 limited atonement fallacy of negative inference Galatians 2:20
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Winger's interpretation of 2 Cor 5:14: 'all' means all humanity in both occurrences — extent universal, application not

Winger presents his positive interpretation of the passage, arguing both uses of 'all' refer to all humanity.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:18-21 confirms extent/application distinction within the same passage

Winger looks at the broader context of 2 Corinthians 5 to show that the same passage itself provides the extent-vs-application distinction.

2 Corinthians 5:18-21 reconciliation extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'The world' in 2 Corinthians 5:19 does not mean the elect — it means the ungodly world

Winger argues that 'world' in v.19 refers to sinners in rebellion, not to a special subset like the elect.

2 Corinthians 5:19 reconciliation extent of atonement 2 Corinthians 5:19
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Universal atonement motivates evangelism; limited atonement undermines the sincere gospel call

Winger argues that Paul's evangelistic appeal in 2 Corinthians 5 flows directly from universal atonement and is inconsistent with limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5 evangelism limited atonement universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Paul's application of the theology confirms the universal-extent, limited-application reading: the missions mandate

How Paul applies his theology tells us what his real theology is; his application is the missions mandate.

2 Corinthians 5:18-20 evangelism limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:18-20
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:21 — 'he made him to be sin' reinforces universal atonement

Winger reads verse 21 as a statement about the totality of Christ's sacrifice, consistent with universal extent.

2 Corinthians 5:21 imputation 2 Corinthians 5:21 extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Objection: 'all have died' can only be said of the saved — Winger's rebuttal via objective vs. subjective atonement

Winger responds to the objection that 'all have died' is a phrase reserved for those who have received salvation.

2 Corinthians 5:14 imputation all have died 2 Corinthians 5:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Objective atonement 2,000 years ago vs. subjective appropriation at conversion

Winger explains how a believer can say they died with Christ even though they were not alive when Jesus died.

objective vs subjective atonement union with Christ conversion
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Colossians 1:20 — 'all things' reconciled through the blood of the cross supports universal extent

Winger turns to Colossians 1:20 as a secondary passage confirming the universal extent of the atonement.

Colossians 1:20 Colossians 1:16-17 Colossians 1:21-23 reconciliation extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Romans 5:18-19 — 'one act of righteousness leads to justification for all men' — universal extent, not universalism

Winger examines Romans 5:18-19 as another text supporting universal atonement but not universalism.

Romans 5:18-19 Romans 5:17 Adam justification universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'Those who receive' in Romans 5:17 conditions justification on reception; Romans 10:13 confirms call-response salvation

Winger highlights the word 'receive' in Romans 5:17 as the hinge that prevents universal atonement from collapsing into universalism.

Romans 5:17 Romans 10:13 faith free will application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

John 1:29 — 'Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world' paired with John 1:12 — universal extent, individual application

Winger cites John 1:29 as a clear statement of universal extent alongside John 1:12 for limited application.

John 1:29 John 1:12 extent of atonement kosmos John 1:29
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 Timothy 4:10 — 'savior of all people, especially those who believe' — extent/application distinction in a single verse

Winger cites 1 Timothy 4:10 as a single verse that encodes the extent/application distinction.

1 Timothy 4:10 extent of atonement application of atonement 1 Timothy 4:10
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Peter 2:1 — Christ bought even false prophets who deny him and face destruction, proving atonement extends beyond the elect

Winger uses 2 Peter 2:1 to demonstrate that Christ purchased those who are clearly not saved, refuting limited atonement.

2 Peter 2:1 false prophets limited atonement extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Summary: multiple scriptures confirm universal extent, non-universal application; rejecting limited atonement does not require leaving Calvinism

Winger wraps up his scriptural case and notes that rejecting limited atonement does not require rejecting Calvinism wholesale.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Dr. David Allen — key scholarly resource on the atonement; two books cited; potential interview guest

Winger credits David Allen as a scholarly resource and potential interview guest on limited atonement.

limited atonement David Allen The Extent of the Atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John 2:2 — Jesus is the propitiation for our sins and not for ours only but for the sins of the whole world

Winger introduces 1 John 2:2 as perhaps the strongest single verse against limited atonement.

1 John 2:2 limited atonement kosmos 1 John 2:2
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Calvinist reinterpretation of 1 John 2:2: 'whole world' means Gentile believers scattered abroad, paralleled with John 11:51-52

Winger presents the Calvinist counter-argument that 'whole world' in 1 John 2:2 means people from every nation, not every individual.

1 John 2:2 John 11:51-52 limited atonement 1 John 2:2 John 11:51-52
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'All without distinction' logically entails 'all without exception' — the Calvinist formula collapses

Winger critiques the Calvinist 'all without distinction' formula as self-defeating.

limited atonement kosmos all without distinction vs all without exception
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John's own usage of 'world' across multiple verses defines the term as the ungodly — not scattered believers

Winger grounds the interpretation of 'world' in 1 John 2:2 by examining how the same author uses the word elsewhere in 1 John.

1 John 3:1 1 John 3:13 1 John 4:3-5 kosmos 1 John 3:1 1 John 3:13
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John 5:19 — 'the whole world lies under the power of the evil one' clinches the meaning of 'whole world' in 1 John 2:2

Winger uses 1 John 5:19 to confirm 'the whole world' in 1 John 2:2 refers to ungodly humanity.

1 John 2:2 1 John 5:19 extent of atonement 1 John 2:2 propitiation
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