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All (1698) Mike Winger (1698)
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer-Wallace conclusion: 'almost certainly' means well known to the apostles

Mike quotes the paper's strong conclusion.

Romans 16:7 NET Bible Romans 16:7 ESV
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Richard Bauckham's rebuttal in Gospel Women

Mike introduces the main scholarly pushback against Burer-Wallace.

Craig Blomberg Burer-Wallace paper (2001) Richard Bauckham
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Bauckham's key criticisms of Burer-Wallace

Mike summarizes Bauckham's main points.

Burer-Wallace paper (2001) Richard Bauckham Gospel Women
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Bauckham reevaluated examples but brought no new counter-evidence

Mike notes a limitation in Bauckham's rebuttal.

church fathers Richard Bauckham scholarly methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Michael Burer's 2015 response paper with new evidence

Mike introduces a third round of scholarly debate that he thinks is underappreciated.

Romans 16:7 Linda Belleville Romans 16:7 Michael Burer
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer's 2015 paper brings 71 new supporting texts

Mike details the new evidence Burer marshals.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 Michael Burer Burer 2015 paper
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer responds to Bauckham's specific example critiques and addresses Chrysostom

Mike evaluates Burer's defense against Bauckham's objections.

John Chrysostom John Chrysostom Michael Burer Richard Bauckham
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion: Junia was probably not an apostle; if she was, she was a missionary

Mike states his overall conclusion on the Junia question.

Romans 16:7 Junia women's ministry Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

N.T. Wright's claim: Mary Magdalene as 'apostle to the apostles'

Mike introduces and plays a clip from N.T. Wright's lecture.

Romans 16:7 Mary Magdalene N.T. Wright Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike identifies equivocation in Wright's argument about apostle

Mike charges Wright with a logical fallacy.

Mary Magdalene N.T. Wright equivocation fallacy
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

The office of apostle involves more than witnessing the resurrection

Mike distinguishes the office of apostle from mere witness.

1 Corinthians Mary Magdalene apostolic office apostolic commission
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mary Magdalene is never called an apostle in Scripture

Mike notes a key absence in the biblical text.

Mary Magdalene argument from silence apostle title
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike critiques N.T. Wright's impact: meme-level arguments persuading many

Mike expresses frustration with the quality of Wright's argument on this topic.

N.T. Wright women in ministry debate popular argumentation
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Craig Keener's argument: Deborah as an Old Testament apostle equivalent

Mike addresses Keener's claim linking Deborah to apostleship.

Judges Deborah Judges Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Jesus is the new Moses, not the apostles

Mike rebuts the Moses-apostle equivalence.

Deuteronomy 18 Moses Jesus as new Moses Deuteronomy 18
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Better equivalence: women prophets in OT lead to women prophets in NT, not women apostles

Mike argues the egalitarian logic fails on its own terms.

hermeneutical methodology OT-NT equivalence women prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion: no female apostles in the official high-leadership sense

Mike summarizes the positive data section.

women as apostles apostolic office egalitarian arguments refuted
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Negative data: all twelve apostles were men

Mike presents the complementarian argument from the composition of the Twelve.

Craig Blomberg elder restriction the Twelve
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Egalitarian response: cultural reasons prevented women apostles

Mike presents and critiques the standard egalitarian counter-argument.

Craig Keener women in ministry debate cultural acquiescence argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's experience researching egalitarian scholarship: layers of confusion

Mike shares his personal intellectual journey through the literature.

complementarianism egalitarian scholarship critique research methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Unfalsifiability problem: can we distinguish God's design from cultural accommodation?

Mike challenges the egalitarian method at its core.

cultural accommodation unfalsifiable theory God's design for leadership
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Jesus chose apostles unlikely to be culturally accepted

Mike argues Jesus did not choose apostles based on cultural acceptability.

Matthew/tax collector Jesus' choice of apostles Matthew/tax collector Galilean fishermen
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Philip Payne's argument: traveling with Jesus full-time raised moral suspicions

Mike presents Payne's specific cultural argument.

Philip Payne moral suspicion argument women following Jesus
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's rebuttals to Payne: practical solutions and Jesus' counter-cultural behavior

Mike offers multiple objections to Payne's cultural argument.

John 4 Philip Payne woman at the well John 4
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Jesus regularly broke cultural conventions and didn't avoid suspicion

Mike builds his case that Jesus was not concerned with cultural optics.

Luke 7:36-50 Philip Payne anointing by sinful woman Luke 7:36-50
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Payne's argument about married women's family obligations

Mike addresses Payne's second cultural objection.

Philip Payne married disciples women following from Galilee
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Five objections to Payne's cultural argument summarized

Mike itemizes his objections to the cultural-restriction thesis.

Philip Payne woman at the well cultural restriction argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Women traveled with Jesus and supported him financially

Mike cites biblical evidence that women were already traveling with Jesus.

Matthew 27:55-56 women following Jesus Matthew 27:55-56 women supporting Jesus financially
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Luke 8:1-3: Women traveled with Jesus like the apostles but were not apostles

Mike cites a key passage showing women's proximity to Jesus.

Luke 8:1-3 Mary Magdalene Joanna Susanna
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

All clear references to apostles indicate male gender

Mike addresses the argument that unnamed apostles might have been women.

Junia argument from silence all-male apostolate
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

1 Corinthians 9:5 implies all apostles were male with wives who were not apostles

Mike cites a passage he thinks is overlooked in this debate.

1 Corinthians 9:5 Cephas/Peter all-male apostolate 1 Corinthians 9:5
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Egalitarian contradiction: cultural restriction vs. Junia's early prominence

Mike identifies an internal contradiction in egalitarian reasoning.

Junia cultural accommodation Pentecost
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusions on women's roles: high view of women but not apostles

Mike begins his summary conclusions for the video.

soft complementarianism female deacons women's roles in NT
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Soft complementarianism is Mike's conclusion from the evidence

Mike names his overall position.

soft complementarianism elder restriction
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Pushback from previous video on female deacons and 1 Timothy 3:8-13

Mike responds to viewer objections about women as deacons.

1 Timothy 3:8-13 1 Timothy 3:8-13 deacon qualifications female deacons
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Verses 12-13 are about men, verse 11 is about women — not gender neutral

Mike clarifies the structure of the 1 Timothy 3 passage on deacons.

1 Timothy 3:11 Romans 16:1 1 Timothy 3:12-13 Phoebe husband of one wife 1 Timothy 3:11
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Pliny's letter to Trajan: early evidence of female deaconesses (c. 110 AD)

Mike provides extra-biblical historical evidence for female deacons.

Pliny the Younger Emperor Trajan Pliny's letter to Trajan
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Preview of next video: prophecy argument, gifts arguments, universal priesthood

Mike previews the topics for part 6 of the series.

spiritual gifts prophecy argument priesthood of all believers
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Introduction: Mike feared he had not heard the best egalitarian arguments

Mike explains why he avoided answering women-in-ministry questions for years — he worried he had not been exposed to strong egalitarian arguments due to his complementarian upbringing.

complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Five egalitarian arguments previewed; first two are weak, last three are stronger

Mike previews the five arguments he will cover: persecution, rabbi-training, universal priesthood, prophecy, and spiritual gifts. He says the first two are weak but the last three challenged him and offer corrections for complementarians.

soft complementarianism complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Historical chauvinism and negative attitudes toward women have affected the church

Mike acknowledges that negative attitudes toward women exist in complementarian circles, rooted not just in biblical teaching but in broader cultural attitudes historically hostile to women.

misogyny in the church cultural influence on theology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 1 preview: The persecution argument from N.T. Wright

Mike introduces the first argument: N.T. Wright claims that Paul persecuting women (Acts 8) proves women were leaders in the early church.

Acts 8 N.T. Wright Acts 8 persecution argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 2 preview: Jesus training women to be rabbis, not just disciples

The claim that Mary sitting at Jesus's feet (Luke 10) is a technical phrase meaning rabbinical training, implying Jesus intended women for eldership-level leadership.

Luke 10:39 N.T. Wright Luke 10:39 Mary and Martha
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 3 preview: Universal priesthood of believers means women can hold any ministry role

If all Christians are priests (including women), then women should be able to serve in any ministry role including eldership.

eldership universal priesthood of believers
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 4 preview: If women can prophesy to the whole church, they can also teach and be elders

Since women prophesied at mixed-gender gatherings and prophecy is a high role involving authority, women should also be allowed to teach and serve as elders.

eldership Craig Keener prophecy argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 5 preview: God gifts women with teaching and leadership, so they should be able to use those gifts fully

Mike says this argument challenged him the most. If the Holy Spirit gives women gifts of teaching and leadership, restricting those gifts contradicts God's purposes.

spiritual gifts argument teaching gift leadership gift
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 1 detail: N.T. Wright's persecution argument from 'Surprised by Scripture'

Wright quotes Kenneth Bailey's cultural analysis to argue that women being targeted by Saul's persecution proves they were leaders and influential figures in the community.

Acts 8 N.T. Wright Surprised by Scripture Acts 8
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Mike spent 12 hours searching for Kenneth Bailey's source material and could not find it

N.T. Wright's citation of Kenneth Bailey has no footnotes or bibliography. Mike tried to find Bailey's original argument in his books, papers, and Google Scholar.

N.T. Wright Kenneth Bailey scholarly sourcing
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Wright's claim that women were persecuted 'equally' with men is an overstatement

Mike analyzes Wright's specific wording. While both men and women were imprisoned, we have no data on whether persecution was truly equal in degree or severity.

N.T. Wright persecution argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Acts 26:9-11 shows Paul persecuted 'many of the saints,' not leaders specifically

Mike reads Acts 26:9-11 where Paul describes persecuting 'many of the saints,' punishing them 'in every synagogue,' and compelling them to blaspheme.

Acts 26:9-11 persecution argument Acts 26:9-11 Paul/Saul
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