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All (308) Mike Winger (308)
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The 'wise woman of Tekoa' (2 Samuel 14) was not an 'advisor to head of state' — she merely memorized and delivered Joab's words to David.

Rebutting Belleville's claim about the woman of Tekoa

2 Samuel 14:3 Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry David
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The wise woman of Abel Beth Maacah (2 Samuel 20:16-22) negotiated peace during a siege, representing the whole city — she exercised real political power in crisis.

Examining a more substantive example of a wise woman

2 Samuel 20:16-22 Joab 2 Samuel 20:16-22 wise woman of Abel Beth Maacah
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Belleville calls the wise woman of Abel an 'advisor to heads of state' — but she's not in a regular position; she took authority spontaneously in crisis.

Correcting the characterization while still drawing a lesson

Linda Belleville wise woman of Abel Beth Maacah crisis leadership
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

What women were NOT in the OT: not kings (no positive examples of approved female rule at the highest level), not military leaders.

Final summary of women's absence from certain roles

Deborah military leadership kings
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Full reading of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16 without commentary

Mike reads the entire passage from the NASB translation to establish familiarity before analysis.

1 Corinthians 11:2-16 NASB 1 Corinthians 11:2-16
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Traditional interpretation: using NASB over ESV because ESV translates 'woman' as 'wife'

Mike explains his translation choice as the ESV makes interpretive decisions he wants to leave open.

ESV NASB gyne
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Traditional view of verse 3: God's divinely given authority structure through headship

Mike presents the traditional interpretation of 1 Corinthians 11:3.

1 Corinthians 11:3 Ephesians 5:22-24 kephale headship 1 Corinthians 11:3
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Head coverings relate to headship: who has a human head vs. Christ as head

Mike explains the symbolic logic of the traditional view.

1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 14 headship symbolism women praying and prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Women's participation in early church was countercultural but distinctly Christian

Mike discusses the contrast with Jewish and Greco-Roman culture.

women in early church Greco-Roman context Jewish context
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's first argument: shaving analogy (verses 5-6)

Mike identifies five distinct arguments Paul makes to support head coverings.

1 Corinthians 11:5-6 1 Corinthians 11:5-6 shaving analogy argument from shame
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Hair as a natural covering extends to cloth covering: Paul's analogical reasoning

Mike explains how Paul connects natural hair covering to cloth covering.

1 Corinthians 11:5-6 1 Corinthians 11:5-6 analogy argument cultural distance
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's second argument: creation order supports head covering (verses 7-10)

Mike identifies the creation-based argument for head coverings.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:7-10 creation order primogeniture Genesis 2
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Two principles in verses 8-9: who came from who (order) and who was made for who (purpose)

Mike distinguishes two separate arguments Paul derives from Genesis 2.

1 Corinthians 11:8-9 Genesis 2:18 creation order ezer 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Egalitarian scholars consistently ignore verse 9 of 1 Corinthians 11

Mike critiques the egalitarian handling of this passage.

1 Corinthians 11:9 egalitarian scholarship 1 Corinthians 11:9 scholarly critique
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Does verse 7 imply women are not in God's image? No -- Genesis 1 clearly affirms both are

Mike addresses whether the passage teaches women are not in God's image.

1 Corinthians 11:7 Genesis 1:26-27 adam 1 Corinthians 11:7 Genesis 1:26-27
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Verses 11-12: mutual dependence balances headship -- not refutation but nuance

Mike explains the 'however' of verses 11-12 in the traditional view.

Ephesians 5 1 Peter 3 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 Ephesians 5 1 Peter 3 1 Corinthians 11:11-12
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's view: 'glory of God' and 'glory of man' have different meanings for men vs. women

Mike critiques Payne's inconsistent interpretation of 'glory.'

Philip Payne doxa glory
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's view of verse 9: 'woman made for man' only means sexual partnership

Mike further critiques the sexual-partner interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Philip Payne internal contradiction 1 Corinthians 11:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne on verse 10: the woman has authority (exousia), not under authority

Mike presents Payne's egalitarian reading of the authority verse.

1 Corinthians 11:10 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:10 exousia
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne on verses 11-12: Paul repudiates hierarchy of man over woman

Mike presents how Payne makes the passage actively egalitarian.

1 Corinthians 11:11-12 Philip Payne egalitarianism 1 Corinthians 11:11-12
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's pivotal claim: verse 15 shows hair done up IS the covering (not analogy)

Mike explains Payne's hinge interpretation of verse 15.

1 Corinthians 11:15 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:15 peribolaion
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne interprets the same Greek word differently for men vs. women

Mike identifies an inconsistency in Payne's interpretation of 'covering.'

Philip Payne inconsistent interpretation katakalupto
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener: the reason for women's head covering is to avoid distracting worshippers

Mike presents Keener's alternative reason for the head covering instruction.

1 Corinthians 11:7-9 Craig Keener worship distractions 1 Corinthians 11:7-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener translates verse 9 as 'through' instead of 'for the sake of,' absorbing it into verse 8

Mike identifies Keener's handling of the problematic verse 9.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Craig Keener translation comparison 1 Corinthians 11:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener on verse 10: the authority belongs to the woman, not someone over her

Mike presents Keener's strongest egalitarian claim about verse 10.

1 Corinthians 11:10 Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:10 exousia
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener's response: if kephale means authority, it's purely cultural -- Mike's rebuttal

Mike challenges the 'cultural authority' escape hatch.

1 Corinthians 11:3 Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:3 cultural vs. transcultural
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Push back on kephale as 'source': even if source, it still implies authority; verses 11-12 prove too much

Mike addresses two independent problems with the source interpretation.

Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 Philip Payne kephale Ephesians 5
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Numbers 5:18 (apokalupto) is a different word from what Paul uses

Mike addresses another piece of evidence from hair-up proponents.

Numbers 5:18 Philip Payne apokalupto Numbers 5:18
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Greek katakalupto: never used for hair in ancient Greek, always refers to cloth covering

Mike presents the strongest Greek evidence for cloth coverings.

Genesis 38:15 BDAG katakalupto Septuagint
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Three reasons the Greek pushes against the hair-done-up view

Mike summarizes the Greek evidence against the hairstyle interpretation.

men's head coverings katakalupto hair-up view
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Philo uses akatakalupto coupled with kephale to refer to cloth coverings

Mike provides first-century textual evidence for cloth covering meaning.

kephale akatakalupto Philo
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Philip Payne interprets katakalupto differently for men vs. women -- same word, contradictory meanings

Mike delivers what he considers a decisive critique of the hair-up view.

1 Corinthians 11:6-7 Philip Payne inconsistent interpretation katakalupto
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Plutarch's error about older customs doesn't invalidate his knowledge of his own time

Mike addresses Plutarch's misunderstanding about pre-150 BC customs.

Plutarch Elaine Fantham Valerius Maximus
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 6: What does Paul want women to do? Wear coverings for headship, creation order, and universal custom

Mike applies conclusions to women's instructions.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 7: What is Paul's point about creation order and purpose in verses 8-9?

Mike addresses the most decisive question for the complementarian/egalitarian debate.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 creation order Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Egalitarians consistently ignore or absorb verse 9 into verse 8

Mike demonstrates the pattern of egalitarian avoidance of verse 9.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Philip Payne Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne on verse 9: 'woman made for man' means sexual partnership -- creates a contradiction

Mike examines and refutes Payne's interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Philip Payne internal contradiction 1 Corinthians 11:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Gordon Fee on verse 9: woman is 'necessary for man' to fulfill his calling -- also creates contradiction

Mike examines and refutes Fee's interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11:9 Gordon Fee necessity interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener on verse 9: translates 'for' as 'through,' making it reiterate verse 8

Mike examines and refutes Keener's translation choice.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Craig Keener translation comparison 1 Corinthians 11:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Verse 9 is the weak spot for egalitarianism: no decent interpretation exists

Mike draws his conclusion on the decisive question.

1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11:11 egalitarian failure
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 9: Is this about men/women generally or husbands/wives specifically?

Mike examines the woman/wife ambiguity in the Greek.

Ephesians 5 Ephesians 5 gyne aner
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 10: How is woman the glory of man and man the glory of God?

Mike addresses the meaning of 'glory' (doxa) in this passage.

1 Corinthians 11:7 Genesis 1:26-27 image of God 1 Corinthians 11:7 Genesis 1:26-27
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Genesis 1 vs. Genesis 2-3: relationship to creation vs. relationship to each other

Mike provides the key framework from his Genesis study (video 2).

Genesis 1 Genesis 2-3 dominion Genesis 1 Genesis 2-3
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Egalitarian interpretations of 'glory' all use two different meanings for the same word

Mike critiques egalitarian inconsistency with the term doxa.

Craig Keener doxa inconsistent interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Philip Payne's view of 'glory' also fails: man is God's glory means not-woman; woman is man's glory means sexual partner

Mike examines and refutes Payne's handling of glory.

Philip Payne doxa inconsistent interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Tom Schreiner's consistent interpretation of glory as 'honor' works for both uses

Mike presents what he considers the best interpretation of glory.

1 Corinthians 11:15 Tom Schreiner doxa 1 Corinthians 11:15
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 11: Does the woman have a symbol of authority on her head, or authority over her own head? (exousia debate)

Mike addresses one of the most debated verses in the passage.

1 Corinthians 11:10 Tom Schreiner Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:10
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Schreiner point 1: verses 7 and 10 form a parallel (man uncovered / woman covered)

Mike presents the strongest argument for symbolic authority.

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:7 Tom Schreiner 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Schreiner points 2-4: 'ought' implies obligation not freedom; vv.3-9 clearly about male headship; v.11 is a contrast

Mike presents additional arguments against the egalitarian reading of exousia.

1 Corinthians 11:10-11 Tom Schreiner opheilei 1 Corinthians 11:10-11
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Even if exousia is active, it can refer to the man's authority in this context

Mike addresses the final egalitarian argument about exousia.

Tom Schreiner exousia Morna Hooker
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