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All (795) Mike Winger (795)
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Alan Padgett and Philip Payne: even with equivalence, hair replaces cloth covering

Mike examines the revised arguments of hair-up proponents.

Philip Payne peribolaion Alan Padgett
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Why verse 15 is an analogy: four reasons supporting the traditional cloth covering view

Mike builds his case that Paul is making an analogy, not an identification.

1 Corinthians 11:5-6 1 Corinthians 11:15 1 Corinthians 11:5-6 analogy argument 1 Corinthians 11:15
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's view causes the passage to lose logical flow

Mike shows structural problems with the hair-up interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:15 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:15 logical flow
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Numbers 5:18 (apokalupto) is a different word from what Paul uses

Mike addresses another piece of evidence from hair-up proponents.

Numbers 5:18 Philip Payne apokalupto Numbers 5:18
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Greek katakalupto: never used for hair in ancient Greek, always refers to cloth covering

Mike presents the strongest Greek evidence for cloth coverings.

Genesis 38:15 BDAG katakalupto Septuagint
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Praying and prophesying context implies cloth (removable) not hairstyle (permanent)

Mike adds a practical argument against the hairstyle view.

1 Corinthians 11:4-5 1 Corinthians 11:4-5 praying and prophesying context cloth vs. hairstyle
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Philo uses akatakalupto coupled with kephale to refer to cloth coverings

Mike provides first-century textual evidence for cloth covering meaning.

kephale akatakalupto Philo
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Conclusion on Greek words: cloth coverings are overwhelmingly indicated

Mike summarizes the Greek evidence.

cloth covering conclusion Greek terminology hair-up view refuted
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Plutarch's error about older customs doesn't invalidate his knowledge of his own time

Mike addresses Plutarch's misunderstanding about pre-150 BC customs.

Plutarch Elaine Fantham Valerius Maximus
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Other ancient sources on hairstyles (Juvenal, Ovid) don't refute head coverings

Mike addresses evidence sometimes cited against head covering customs.

Juvenal Ovid Roman hairstyles
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Artwork evidence: mostly shows women without coverings, but mainly rich women

Mike surveys archaeological evidence from Corinth.

Cynthia Thompson Ramsey MacMullen Corinth archaeology
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Culture clash explains 1 Corinthians 11: a few rich women casting off coverings among general practice

Mike harmonizes the textual and artwork evidence.

1 Corinthians 11:2 culture clash explanation rich vs. common women 1 Corinthians 11:2
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Religious context: Romans covered heads during worship, prayer, prophecy, and sacrifice

Mike identifies the most significant and most neglected cultural background.

1 Corinthians 11:4-5 1 Corinthians 11:13 1 Corinthians 11:4-5 Roman religious practices prayer and prophecy context
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Gordon Fee wrongly dismissed men's head coverings as hypothetical -- there IS evidence

Mike corrects a widely-cited scholarly error.

men's head coverings Richard Oster Gordon Fee
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Richard Oster's key insight: Corinth was a Roman colony with Roman religious head covering practices

Mike presents Oster's two main points.

Richard Oster Corinth as Roman colony Roman religious customs
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Oster's religious context fully explains both male and female head covering issues in Corinth

Mike synthesizes the religious background evidence.

Craig Keener Richard Oster hair-up view refuted
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Synthesis of cultural evidence: Paul preserves gender-role meaning of coverings against both rich women and Roman ritual practices

Mike draws together all cultural background evidence.

1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 cultural synthesis
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 5 (labeled 8): What does Paul want men to do? Not wear coverings to maintain masculinity and headship

Mike applies conclusions to men's instructions.

1 Corinthians 11:4 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:4 Gordon Fee
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 6: What does Paul want women to do? Wear coverings for headship, creation order, and universal custom

Mike applies conclusions to women's instructions.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 7: What is Paul's point about creation order and purpose in verses 8-9?

Mike addresses the most decisive question for the complementarian/egalitarian debate.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 creation order Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Egalitarians consistently ignore or absorb verse 9 into verse 8

Mike demonstrates the pattern of egalitarian avoidance of verse 9.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Philip Payne Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Gordon Fee on verse 9: woman is 'necessary for man' to fulfill his calling -- also creates contradiction

Mike examines and refutes Fee's interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11:9 Gordon Fee necessity interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 8: What does 'nature' (physis) mean in verse 14?

Mike examines the meaning of Paul's appeal to nature.

1 Corinthians 11:14 F.F. Bruce Plutarch physis
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Craig Keener acknowledges 'nature' normally means the opposite of custom

Mike shows that even egalitarians concede the normal meaning.

Craig Keener physis nature vs. custom
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Something being custom doesn't make it only custom; it may also be grounded in nature

Mike prevents a logical fallacy in interpreting the nature argument.

logical fallacy custom vs. nature hair length
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Exceptions to hair length rules: Nazirite vows, philosophers, and the principle behind exceptions

Mike discusses how exceptions to the general rule were understood.

Numbers 6 Craig Keener Samson Epictetus
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul uses physis nine times consistently: never means 'custom'

Mike examines all of Paul's uses of physis.

Romans 1:26-27 Galatians 4:8 Romans 2:14 Tom Schreiner physis Romans 1:26-27
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Hair length is probably a transcultural moral obligation; application to today

Mike draws practical conclusions from the nature argument.

Craig Keener hair length gender distinctions
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Egalitarian interpretations of 'glory' all use two different meanings for the same word

Mike critiques egalitarian inconsistency with the term doxa.

Craig Keener doxa inconsistent interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Schreiner points 2-4: 'ought' implies obligation not freedom; vv.3-9 clearly about male headship; v.11 is a contrast

Mike presents additional arguments against the egalitarian reading of exousia.

1 Corinthians 11:10-11 Tom Schreiner opheilei 1 Corinthians 11:10-11
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Early textual variant substitutes 'covering' (kalumma) for 'authority' (exousia) in verse 10

Mike provides additional evidence from manuscript tradition.

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:10 exousia kalumma
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 12: What does 'because of the angels' mean? Four views evaluated

Mike evaluates the four main interpretive options for this phrase.

1 Peter 1 Corinthians 11:10 Genesis 6:2 1 Peter 1 Corinthians 11:10 angelic observers
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Mike's preferred view: holy angelic observers who delight in seeing God's order in worship

Mike presents his conclusion on the angels question.

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:10 angelic observers worship context
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 13: The testicle theory -- Troy Martin's claim about peribolaion

Mike introduces the most controversial recent interpretation.

Mark Goodacre testicle theory Troy Martin peribolaion
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Martin's later paper shifts: claims he can establish testicle meaning from 1 Corinthians alone

Mike traces the evolution of Martin's argument.

Mark Goodacre straw man argument Troy Martin Mark Goodacre
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

How the testicle view does NOT fit 1 Corinthians 11: five additional problems

Mike presents his own challenges to the view from the passage itself.

peribolaion Preston Massie testicle theory refuted
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 14: How does it apply today? The argument FOR transcultural head coverings (7 points)

Mike seriously engages the pro-head-covering position.

head covering movement transcultural application Elizabeth Farians
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

The argument AGAINST transcultural head coverings: Paul never argues for the MEANING of head coverings

Mike presents his personal case for cultural application.

hermeneutical principle cultural vs. transcultural symbolic meaning
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Hair length IS probably transcultural since Paul argues for it directly from nature

Mike distinguishes hair length from head coverings in terms of ongoing application.

physis hair length gender distinctions
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

The cultural view is not arbitrary: five facts support it

Mike defends his position against charges of mere cultural accommodation.

1 Corinthians 9:22 hermeneutical principle symbolic meaning cultural application argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Final conclusions: male headship is biblical, complementarian, and to be celebrated

Mike delivers his overall conclusions for the passage.

1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11:3 women in ministry complementarianism eldership
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 1: The Interpolation View

Mike introduces the first of five views, which argues these verses do not belong in the Bible at all.

1 Corinthians 14:34-35 textual criticism 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 interpolation theory
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 2: The Quotation-Refutation View

Mike introduces the view that Paul is quoting the Corinthians and then refuting them in verse 36.

1 Corinthians 14:36 quotation-refutation view 1 Corinthians 14:36
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 3: The Education/Clatter View

Mike introduces a cluster of related views that shift the focus from women per se to education or disruptive behavior.

education view clatter view Dionysus cult
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 5: The Judging Prophecy View (Mike's own view)

Mike introduces his preferred interpretation, which limits the silence command specifically to the testing/judging of prophecy.

complementarianism judging prophecy view testing prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Outline of the teaching: hinge points for each view

Mike explains his format for analyzing each view through key 'hinge points' that each view depends upon.

textual criticism hinge points methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Bruce Metzger's explanation for the manuscript displacement

Mike quotes Metzger's view that the relocation was a scribal attempt to improve the passage's flow.

Bruce Metzger scribal alteration
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

J.M. Ross quote: we must accept unanimous manuscript testimony

Mike quotes Ross on the obligation to accept what all manuscripts attest.

manuscript evidence J.M. Ross scholarly bias
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Interpolation View Hinge 2: Does the passage fit Pauline style?

Mike transitions to the second hinge point -- arguments that the passage does not match Paul's writing style.

1 Corinthians 12-14 1 Corinthians 12-14 interpolation theory Pauline style
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 1: Verses differ from the main theme of 1 Corinthians 12-14 -- rebutted

Mike refutes the claim that these verses do not fit the theme of chapters 12-14.

1 Corinthians 14:40 1 Corinthians 14:40 Pauline style church order
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