Search — Theology Explorer

1 Peter 3:5-6 Genesis 18:12 Sarah Abraham 1 Peter 3:5-6

Sarah obeying Abraham as an example that rules out purely evangelistic interpretation

Mike argues the Sarah example confirms submission is a general godly pattern, not culturally bound.

Titus 2:5 Titus 2:5 training younger women word of God not reviled

Titus 2:5 -- older women to train younger women to be submissive to husbands

Mike covers the first supplemental passage.

Ephesians 5:21-24 headship Christ and church analogy Ephesians 5:21-24

Ephesians 5:21-24 -- instructions to wives including headship analogy

Mike teaches through the major passage on marriage.

1 Corinthians 7:3-5 1 Corinthians 7:3-5 conjugal rights mutual authority over bodies

1 Corinthians 7:3-5 -- mutual sexual rights and authority over each other's bodies

Mike covers the supplemental passage on conjugal rights.

Peter Davids Testament of Abraham E.P. Sanders

Problems with Davids' reliance on the Testament of Abraham

Mike conducts detailed analysis of the extra-biblical source Davids relies on.

Matthew 5:16 witness and transcultural commands Matthew 5:16

Principle: caring about witness doesn't make behavior merely cultural

Mike draws the general principle from the Titus 2 analysis.

Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Summary of video 2: Genesis 1-3 establishes husband's leadership in relation to his wife, but not men over women generally.

Recap of previous videos in the series

Genesis 2 Genesis 1 Genesis 3 dominion Genesis 2 husband leadership

Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Numbers 12 implies Miriam prophesied to the people in general, not just women — 'hasn't the Lord spoken to us also?'

Soft evidence that Miriam prophesied to men and women

Numbers 12 Miriam prophetess Numbers 12

Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

In their culture it was embarrassing that a woman beat Sisera — glory to Jael, shame to Barak — but this is not God's commentary against women leaders.

Interpreting the shame in the Barak-Jael narrative

Barak Jael male leadership

Traditional interpretation: using NASB over ESV because ESV translates 'woman' as 'wife'

Mike explains his translation choice as the ESV makes interpretive decisions he wants to leave open.

ESV NASB gyne

1 Corinthians 11:10 because of the angels 1 Corinthians 11:10 angelic observers

Paul's third argument: 'because of the angels' (verse 10)

Mike briefly introduces this peripheral but hotly debated phrase.

1 Corinthians 11:2 culture clash explanation rich vs. common women 1 Corinthians 11:2

Culture clash explains 1 Corinthians 11: a few rich women casting off coverings among general practice

Mike harmonizes the textual and artwork evidence.

1 Corinthians 11:4-5 1 Corinthians 11:13 1 Corinthians 11:4-5 Roman religious practices prayer and prophecy context

Religious context: Romans covered heads during worship, prayer, prophecy, and sacrifice

Mike identifies the most significant and most neglected cultural background.

1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 cultural synthesis

Synthesis of cultural evidence: Paul preserves gender-role meaning of coverings against both rich women and Roman ritual practices

Mike draws together all cultural background evidence.

Numbers 6 Craig Keener Samson Epictetus

Exceptions to hair length rules: Nazirite vows, philosophers, and the principle behind exceptions

Mike discusses how exceptions to the general rule were understood.

Ephesians 5 Ephesians 5 gyne aner

Question 9: Is this about men/women generally or husbands/wives specifically?

Mike examines the woman/wife ambiguity in the Greek.

physis hair length gender distinctions

Hair length IS probably transcultural since Paul argues for it directly from nature

Mike distinguishes hair length from head coverings in terms of ongoing application.

1 Corinthians 14:36 1 Corinthians 14:36 D.A. Carson monous

The masculine gender of 'only' (monous) in verse 36 does not prove it addresses men specifically

Mike addresses the argument that the masculine word 'only' proves Paul is rebuking men, not the whole church.

the law Roman law Jewish oral law

What does 'the law' mean in 1 Corinthians 14:34?

Mike addresses the debate over what 'the law' refers to: Roman law, Jewish law, local custom, or the Old Testament.

1 Corinthians 14:21 Isaiah 28:11-12 John 12:34 1 Corinthians 14:21 Isaiah 28:11-12 John 12:34

Paul uses 'the law' to refer to all of scripture, not just the Pentateuch

Mike argues that 'law' in Paul's usage can mean the Old Testament generally, citing 1 Corinthians 14:21.

1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 11 Corinthian church practices internal consistency

The refutation view creates internally contradictory beliefs about the Corinthians

Mike argues the refutation view requires believing contradictory things about Corinthian church practice simultaneously.

Craig Keener Plutarch ancient lecture etiquette

Ancient sources on disrupting lectures with uninformed questions

Mike acknowledges the historical evidence Keener cites about lecture decorum.

Craig Keener education view modern application

Keener's modern application of the education view

Mike shows how Keener applies the passage today, removing gender from the application entirely.

1 Corinthians 12:2 Priscilla Apollos apostolic doctrine

Problem with the education view: women were not so education-deprived in Christian context

Mike challenges the assumption that Corinthian women were significantly less educated than men in matters relevant to church.

Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 elder/overseer/bishop

Elders as the only universal biblical ongoing office with authority

Mike provides scriptural evidence for the elder/overseer role as the primary authority structure in the church.

1 Corinthians 14:35 1 Corinthians 14:35 gune (woman/wife) women vs. wives debate

Side issue: Does this passage address women in general or wives specifically?

Mike briefly addresses whether 'women' (gunai) should be translated as 'wives.'

egalitarianism scholarly methodology social justice

Egalitarians treat their position as a moral mission, not just a theological view

Mike describes the activist nature of egalitarian scholarship.

patriarchalism male authority spectrum of views

Definition of patriarchalism as the third position

Mike defines Christian patriarchalism and its spectrum.

Colossians Ephesians 5:23 1 Peter 3:1 kephale headship mutual submission

Ephesians 5:23 — headship extends to all marriages, not just Adam and Eve

Mike shows NT application of headship to marriage in general.

soft complementarianism patriarchalism application spectrum

The big question: how far do we draw the application beyond marriage and eldership?

Mike frames the central application question of the video.

soft complementarianism application hierarchy marriage vs society

Not an all-or-nothing approach: less strict rules outside marriage and eldership, but still present

Mike summarizes his thesis on societal application.

1 Corinthians 11 John MacArthur 1 Corinthians 14:29-35 1 Corinthians 11 John MacArthur judgment of prophecy

1 Corinthians 14:29-35 — women silent in judging prophecy, not silent in general

Mike interprets the controversial silence passage.

John Piper John Piper Deborah submission to all men

Women do NOT need to submit to all men — only their husbands

Mike rejects the idea of general female submission to all males.

1 Timothy 2:11-15 egalitarianism 1 Timothy 2:11-15 authenteo

Egalitarian overview of the passage

Mike presents the general egalitarian approach to 1 Tim 2:11-15 before diving into specific arguments.

1 Timothy 2:11-12 gyne aner church governance

Wives vs. women debate: does gyne mean 'wives' or 'women'?

Mike addresses the egalitarian argument (promoted by Cynthia Long Westfall) that 1 Tim 2 is about husbands and wives, not men and women generally.

1 Timothy 2:9-10 1 Peter 3:3-4 Ephesus Artemis cult Gary Hoag

Gary Hoag and Sandra Glahn's updated Artemis arguments

Mike addresses more recent egalitarian attempts to revive the Artemis cult argument with updated evidence.

1 Timothy 2:15 1 Timothy 2:15 Messianic interpretation definite article

The definite article before 'childbearing' as soft evidence for the Messianic view

Mike notes that the Greek has 'the childbearing' (tes teknogonias), not just 'childbearing.'