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Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 4 will address women in the New Testament: women as apostles, elders, deacons, and teachers, including the Junia question.

Series overview and roadmap

women deacons Junia women apostles
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Analysis of Titus 2:5 'working at home' -- the Greek word means carrying out household responsibilities, not being restricted to the home.

New Testament cross-reference on women and work

Titus 2:5 women and work Titus 2:5 oikourgos
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

1 Timothy 2:12-13 as New Testament commentary on Genesis 2: Paul draws on Adam being formed first as relevant to male-female relationships.

NT support for creation order argument

creation order 1 Tim 2:12-13 Paul
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Romans 5:19 shows the New Testament consistently assigns Adam primary responsibility for the fall, even though Eve ate first.

NT evidence for Adam's greater accountability

Rom 5:19 Adam's primary responsibility federal headship
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Adam represents all humanity in the NT; Eve may represent women or serve as an example, but never all humans -- this is consistent with a greater degree of authority for Adam.

Adam's representative role vs. Eve's

federal headship Adam as representative NT theology
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Introduction to the Women in Ministry series part 4

Mike introduces this as part 4 of his exhaustive series on women in ministry, covering everything the Bible says and engaging every egalitarian argument he can find.

women in ministry complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright's egalitarian argument: women as apostles to the apostles

Mike plays a clip from NT Wright presenting the egalitarian case for women leaders.

Romans 16 Junia women apostles Mary Magdalene
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright on Romans 16: women as church leaders and Phoebe as letter bearer

Continuation of Wright's argument about Romans 16.

Romans 16 Romans 16:1-2 Junia N.T. Wright Romans 16
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Complementarian vs. egalitarian views on women's roles summarized

Mike recaps the two major positions before diving into the evidence.

1 Timothy women in ministry complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Alternate egalitarian view: occasional women in highest roles, restrictions are cultural not universal

Mike identifies a second egalitarian position in the literature.

women in ministry egalitarianism cultural accommodation
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Linda Belleville's claim: no lack of women leaders in the early church

Mike introduces egalitarian scholar Linda Belleville's claims about women leaders.

Romans 16:1-2 Linda Belleville Discovering Biblical Equality Two Views on Women in Ministry
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville claims female apostles, prophets, teachers, evangelists; Craig Keener agrees women held prominent roles

Mike continues presenting egalitarian scholarly claims.

Linda Belleville women apostles Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

If egalitarians are right, passages like 1 Timothy 2 and 1 Corinthians 14 must be reinterpreted

Mike explains the stakes of the egalitarian position.

1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 women's silence
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Nympha in Colossians 4:15 -- Lynn Cohick's claim she led a house church

Mike begins examining individual women named in the NT, starting with Nympha.

Colossians 4:15 Discovering Biblical Equality Nympha Lynn Cohick
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville assigns Nympha the title 'overseer' based on hosting; Mike challenges the logic

Mike examines how Belleville gets from 'church in her house' to 'overseer.'

Colossians 4:15 Linda Belleville Nympha Colossians 4:15
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Margaret MacDonald's claim: Nympha was a key leader across the Lycus Valley churches

Mike traces Belleville's footnote source.

Nympha Margaret MacDonald Lycus Valley
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Mike's survey of 18 commentaries on Nympha's leadership: only 3 of 18 agree

Mike conducts his own commentary survey to test the 'most commentators' claim.

Colossians 4:15 Nympha Colossians 4:15 commentary survey
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Central egalitarian claim: hosting a house church made you the leader/overseer of that church

Mike identifies this as a pervasive claim that recurs throughout egalitarian literature.

Linda Belleville hosting vs. leading overseer
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's defense: patronage of a house church was an authoritative role in Greco-Roman times

Mike reads Belleville's argument from Two Views on Women in Ministry (p. 37).

James Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry hosting vs. leading
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Luke 9:1-5 refutes host-as-leader claim: apostles stayed in strangers' homes

Mike tests the host-as-leader claim against the biblical text.

Luke 9:1-5 hosting vs. leading Luke 9:1-5 apostles
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 16:15 refutes host-as-leader: Lydia hosted Paul immediately after conversion

Mike applies the host-as-leader test to Lydia.

Acts 16:15 Lydia N.T. Wright hosting vs. leading
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 12:12 refutes host-as-leader: Mary mother of Mark hosted a prayer gathering

Mike presents another counter-example.

Acts 12:12 Linda Belleville hosting vs. leading Mary mother of Mark
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Additional arguments against host-as-leader: Timothy/Titus appointing elders, reductio ad absurdum examples

Mike piles on counter-evidence to the host-as-leader claim.

Titus 1 John hosting vs. leading Timothy Titus
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Cornelius counter-example: would be an overseer before being a Christian

Mike continues listing absurd implications of the host-as-leader theory.

Acts 10 hosting vs. leading Cornelius Acts 10
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Wayne Meeks (The First Urban Christians) -- Belleville's own source refutes her position

Mike traces Belleville's scholarly source for the host-as-leader claim.

Linda Belleville hosting vs. leading scholarly methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Jason in Acts 17:5-9 does not prove host-as-leader; shows external cultural accountability only

Mike addresses the one passage egalitarians use to support host-as-leader.

Acts 17:5-9 hosting vs. leading Jason Acts 17:5-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Euodia and Syntyche: Belleville claims they were among overseers and deacons at Philippi

Mike moves to examining the case of Euodia and Syntyche in Philippians 4:2-3.

Philippians 4:2-3 Linda Belleville Euodia Syntyche
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's logic: Philippians 1:1 lists saints, overseers, deacons -- Euodia/Syntyche must be in one category

Mike reconstructs Belleville's reasoning from Two Views (p. 60).

Philippians 1:1 Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry Euodia
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's argument from Paul's public appeal: if they weren't leaders, no need for third-party intervention

Mike evaluates Belleville's second argument for Euodia/Syntyche's leadership.

Philippians 4:2-3 Linda Belleville Euodia Syntyche
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's third argument: their disagreement jeopardized church unity, proving leadership role

Mike addresses Belleville's final argument for Euodia/Syntyche as leaders.

Linda Belleville Euodia Syntyche
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Priscilla and Aquila: six NT passages, Priscilla's name first in four of six

Mike transitions to examining Priscilla and Aquila, acknowledging complementarians sometimes don't look closely enough.

women in ministry Priscilla Aquila
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 18:24-26: Priscilla and Aquila teach Apollos theology privately

Mike examines the most significant scene from Priscilla and Aquila's ministry.

Acts 18:24-26 Ephesus Priscilla Aquila
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Priscilla's teaching was doctrinal but private and informal, not public elder-type teaching

Mike distinguishes what Priscilla's teaching was from what it was not.

Acts 18:26 Priscilla private vs. public teaching eldership teaching
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Principle from Priscilla: a woman can instruct a man in doctrine, at least in private/informal contexts

Mike draws a principle from the Priscilla account.

Priscilla women teaching men private instruction
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Critique of the 'husband as covering' concept; why was Aquila present?

Mike examines three explanations for Aquila's presence during the teaching of Apollos.

Priscilla Aquila Apollos
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Women should talk about theology; stunting them from it stunts understanding and causes harm

Mike draws a conclusion from Priscilla's example for complementarian churches.

Priscilla women and theology complementarian overcorrection
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Egalitarian argument: 'fellow worker' (synergos) and 'labor' (kopiao) mean leadership

Mike identifies a major branch of egalitarian argumentation about Pauline terminology.

Linda Belleville Craig Keener synergos
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Tom Schreiner's refutation: co-worker/labor terms are too vague to indicate leadership

Mike reads a lengthy quote from Tom Schreiner (Two Views, pp. 280-281).

Romans 16:3 Philippians 4:3 Tom Schreiner Two Views on Women in Ministry Mary
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Women were church planters and evangelists; laboring 'in the gospel' points to evangelism

Mike draws positive conclusions about women's ministry scope from the terminology.

Priscilla Aquila women evangelists
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Church history: women had distinct ministry roles (baptism assistance, anointing); called deacons

Mike provides historical context for women's active ministry.

deaconess history women's baptism ministry anointing ministry
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Fishing analogy: egalitarians reel in 'false positives' for women in leadership

Mike uses an analogy to describe the egalitarian evidence pattern.

false positives in exegesis egalitarian evidence critique
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Craig Keener claims Priscilla and Aquila instructed ministers (plural) and led a house church

Mike examines Keener's specific claims about Priscilla and Aquila.

Acts 18:26 Priscilla Aquila Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

1 Corinthians 16:19 does not prove Priscilla and Aquila led a house church

Mike examines Keener's second reference for house church leadership.

1 Corinthians 16:19 Priscilla Aquila Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Philemon 1-2: church in Philemon's house does not make Apphia or Archippus leaders

Mike examines Keener's third reference.

Philemon 1-2 Philemon Craig Keener hosting vs. leading Philemon 1-2
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Conclusions on Priscilla/Aquila: Keener overstates, but women can teach men theology

Mike balances his critique with a positive complementarian conclusion.

Priscilla Craig Keener women teaching men
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Mike's tentative position: teaching allowed if it doesn't carry eldership authority; real-life examples balance rules

Mike begins articulating his personal landing point.

1 Timothy 2 women in ministry 1 Timothy 2 teaching and authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Elder, overseer, bishop, and presbyter are all the same biblical role

Mike clarifies terminology before discussing eldership requirements.

overseer episkopos elder
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

The term 'pastor' is used in confusing ways; may describe deacon-level work

Mike distinguishes between the biblical office and modern church usage.

pastor vs. elder vs. deacon church terminology
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's case for women elders from 1 Timothy 5:9-10 (enrolled widows)

Mike examines Belleville's argument that enrolled widows were functioning as elders.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 Linda Belleville elder presbuteros
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's claim that widow requirements parallel elder qualifications -- they don't

Mike addresses Belleville's second argument for widows as elders.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 1 Timothy 3 Linda Belleville 1 Timothy 5:9-10 elder qualifications
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