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Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Four key Greek terms in verses 34-35 prove consistency with Pauline style

Mike identifies four Greek terms in the disputed verses that appear throughout 1 Corinthians 14.

1 Corinthians 14:28 1 Corinthians 14:30 Pauline style laleo sigao
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Two more key terms: 'en ekklesia' and 'hupotasso' found throughout the context

Mike continues demonstrating the passage's consistency with its surrounding context using Greek terms.

1 Corinthians 14:28 1 Corinthians 14:32 hupotasso Pauline style 1 Corinthians 14:28
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 3: The verses logically contradict 1 Corinthians 11:5

Mike addresses the argument that these verses contradict Paul's earlier allowance of women prophesying.

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:5 logical contradiction argument women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 4: Paul would never appeal to the law to endorse church discipline -- rebutted

Mike addresses the claim that Paul's reference to 'the law' in verse 34 is un-Pauline.

appeal to the law law and Christian behavior Andy Stanley
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul appeals to the law in 1 Corinthians 9:8-11 as a direct counterexample

Mike provides a clear example of Paul using the OT law to establish principles for Christian behavior.

1 Corinthians 9:8-11 Deuteronomy 25:4 1 Corinthians 9:8-11 Deuteronomy 25:4 ministerial support
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 5: The phrase 'churches of the saints' is un-Pauline -- rebutted

Mike addresses the claim that the phrase 'churches of the saints' is not a phrase Paul would use.

1 Corinthians 1:2 Pauline style ekklesia saints
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

View 2 analysis: The Quotation-Refutation View and Beth Allison Barr's promotion of it

Mike begins analyzing the quotation-refutation view, noting Beth Allison Barr as a key proponent.

Beth Allison Barr The Making of Biblical Womanhood quotation-refutation view
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The RSV does not actually support the quotation-refutation view

Mike argues that the RSV translators were not trying to communicate what Barr claims.

1 Corinthians 14:33b Beth Allison Barr RSV translation 1 Corinthians 14:33b
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Extended analysis of the Livy passage shows different concepts than 1 Corinthians 14

Mike reads the broader Livy context to show it concerns political lobbying, not learning.

Livy political lobbying learning vs. requesting
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Greek hinge point: The disjunctive particle 'e' (eta) in verse 36

Mike examines the Greek word translated 'what' or 'or' in verse 36 that carries the entire weight of the refutation argument.

1 Corinthians 14:36 quotation-refutation view 1 Corinthians 14:36 e/eta (disjunctive particle)
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul never addresses the specific content he allegedly refutes

Mike highlights that if Paul is refuting verses 34-35, he never actually addresses any of the specific claims.

quotation-refutation view Pauline refutation style
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The disjunctive particle 'e' reinforces rather than refutes what precedes it, shown from Romans 3:28-29

Mike demonstrates how the Greek particle functions using Romans 3:28-29 as an example.

Romans 3:28-29 e/eta (disjunctive particle) Romans 3:28-29 rhetorical reinforcement
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

D.A. Carson: every NT use of this particle in analogous constructions reinforces what precedes it

Mike presents Carson's comprehensive conclusion about the Greek particle.

Matthew 20:15 D.A. Carson e/eta (disjunctive particle) Thayer's lexicon
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The masculine gender of 'only' (monous) in verse 36 does not prove it addresses men specifically

Mike addresses the argument that the masculine word 'only' proves Paul is rebuking men, not the whole church.

1 Corinthians 14:36 1 Corinthians 14:36 D.A. Carson monous
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Pauline style argument for the refutation view: three points that fail

Mike addresses three ways proponents claim Paul would not have said what is in verses 34-35.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:8-10 Genesis 2 Gordon Fee Pauline style
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul already cited the relevant OT passages in 1 Corinthians 11

Mike explains why Paul does not quote a specific OT verse when saying 'as the law also says' in 14:34.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:8-10 creation order Genesis 2 appeal to the law
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

What does 'the law' mean in 1 Corinthians 14:34?

Mike addresses the debate over what 'the law' refers to: Roman law, Jewish law, local custom, or the Old Testament.

the law Roman law Jewish oral law
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul uses 'the law' to refer to all of scripture, not just the Pentateuch

Mike argues that 'law' in Paul's usage can mean the Old Testament generally, citing 1 Corinthians 14:21.

1 Corinthians 14:21 Isaiah 28:11-12 John 12:34 1 Corinthians 14:21 Isaiah 28:11-12 John 12:34
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Positive case for the refutation view has nothing strong going for it

Mike summarizes that after examining all the positive arguments for the refutation view, none succeed.

quotation-refutation view
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul's quotation-refutation style in known instances differs dramatically from 1 Corinthians 14

Mike compares how Paul actually does quotation-refutation elsewhere versus what is claimed here.

1 Corinthians 14:34-36 Pauline quotation-refutation style 1 Corinthians 14:34-36
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul's consistent pattern: he qualifies Corinthian slogans with wisdom rather than fully disagreeing

Mike shows from multiple examples that Paul never fully disagrees with Corinthian slogans.

1 Corinthians 6:12 1 Corinthians 10:23 Corinthian slogans 1 Corinthians 6:12 1 Corinthians 10:23
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

1 Corinthians 7:1 follows the same qualification pattern, not full disagreement

Mike provides another example of Paul's consistent style.

1 Corinthians 7:1 Pauline qualification pattern 1 Corinthians 7:1
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The refutation view has Paul rejecting submission -- something he teaches everywhere else

Mike points out that the refutation view would have Paul rejecting the concept of wifely submission.

Genesis 1-2 1 Peter 3 Ephesians (submission teaching) submission Genesis 1-2 1 Peter 3
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 3: The Education/Clatter View in detail

Mike begins analyzing the education/clatter view, which treats the passage as authentic but shifts focus away from gender.

education view clatter view cultural coincidence argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Craig Keener's version of the education view

Mike presents Craig Keener's more balanced version of the education interpretation.

Craig Keener Paul, Women and Wives education view
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Advantage of the education view: it explains the 'ask husbands at home' phrase well

Mike acknowledges the education view has one genuine strength.

1 Corinthians 14:35 education view 1 Corinthians 14:35 asking husbands at home
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul spent 18 months in Corinth teaching men and women equally

Mike emphasizes the extensive Christian education Corinthian women had received by the time of this letter.

1 Corinthians 16:19 Apollos 1 Corinthians 16:19 Priscilla and Aquila
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Education View Hinge 1: Why only women? Why not uneducated men too?

Mike presents the first critical hinge point that undermines the education view.

1 Corinthians 10:1 1 Corinthians 12:1 Plutarch agnoeo idiotes
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

D.A. Carson: it is not plausible women are silenced because they were uneducated

Mike quotes Carson's response to the education view.

1 Corinthians 14:33b D.A. Carson 1 Corinthians 14:33b universal scope argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Education View Hinge 3: Why is submission an issue if it is about education?

Mike identifies the fatal disconnect between the education view and Paul's mention of submission.

1 Corinthians 11 creation order submission 1 Corinthians 11
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The Bacchus/Dionysus cult clatter explanation from CBE International

Mike examines the view promoted by the Center for Biblical Equality (CBE International) connecting the passage to ecstatic cult practices.

Livy CBE International Bacchus/Dionysus cult
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problem 1 with the cult view: these cults were not exclusively or predominantly female

Mike shows that the claim that Bacchus worship was predominantly female is historically inaccurate.

Craig Keener cult of Isis cult of Cybele
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The Livy quote that CBE uses actually describes large numbers of men involved in Bacchus worship

Mike examines the actual Livy passage that CBE cites and finds it undermines their argument.

Livy CBE International Bacchus cult demographics
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problem 2 with the cult view: why are questions forbidden if the issue is screaming?

Mike identifies the disconnect between ecstatic behavior and the passage's content about questions.

1 Corinthians 14:35 laleo 1 Corinthians 14:35 questions vs. ecstatic behavior
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Tom Schreiner: Paul encourages women to pray and prophesy in church with proper adornment

Mike quotes complementarian scholar Tom Schreiner against the utter silence view.

1 Corinthians 11:16 Tom Schreiner 1 Corinthians 11:16 women's public prayer and prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The attempted rescue of utter silence: women can prophesy publicly but should not, and must wear coverings if they do

Mike addresses another attempt to reconcile utter silence with 1 Corinthians 11.

1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11 utter silence view rescue attempt
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Additional scriptural examples of women prophesying publicly: Philip's daughters, Anna, Huldah, Deborah, Miriam

Mike cites multiple OT and NT examples of women prophesying publicly before mixed audiences.

Acts 21:9 Luke 2:36-38 Deborah Miriam Huldah
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

D.A. Carson's structural analysis: verse 29 maps the two-part expansion

Mike quotes Carson's explanation of how verse 29 introduces the two topics expanded in what follows.

1 Corinthians 14:29-36 D.A. Carson 1 Corinthians 14:29-36 structural analysis
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The 'spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets' means self-control, not a hierarchy

Mike interprets verse 32 as a parenthetical about prophets' ability to control themselves.

1 Corinthians 14:32 hupotasso 1 Corinthians 14:32 prophetic self-control
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problems with the 'other prophets judge prophecy' view

Mike argues against the interpretation that only other prophets test prophecy.

1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 14:1 1 Corinthians 14:39 1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 14:1 1 Corinthians 14:39
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Elders as the only universal biblical ongoing office with authority

Mike provides scriptural evidence for the elder/overseer role as the primary authority structure in the church.

Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 elder/overseer/bishop
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Hebrews 13:17 and 2 Timothy 2:2 -- elders watch over souls and guard doctrine

Mike cites additional passages showing elders' responsibility to guard what the congregation receives.

1 Timothy 3:2 Hebrews 13:17 2 Timothy 2:2 elder qualifications 1 Timothy 3:2 Hebrews 13:17
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul's farewell to Ephesian elders (Acts 20:28-31) -- fierce wolves and elders' responsibility

Mike cites Paul's passionate charge to elders to guard the flock.

Acts 20:28-31 doctrinal guardianship Acts 20:28-31 fierce wolves
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

It may not be necessary to decide exclusively who judged prophecy

Mike suggests the identity of the judges may not need to be precisely defined for the view to work.

Mormonism self-validation prohibition Islam
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The questions prohibition connects to submission -- a unique advantage of the judging prophecy view

Mike explains why the connection between questions and submission only works on the judging prophecy view.

judging prophecy view submission and questions contextual advantage
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Side issue: Does this passage address women in general or wives specifically?

Mike briefly addresses whether 'women' (gunai) should be translated as 'wives.'

1 Corinthians 14:35 1 Corinthians 14:35 gune (woman/wife) women vs. wives debate
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Conclusion 2: Women have no restrictions on learning

Mike notes that Paul's instruction actually preserves women's right to pursue knowledge.

1 Corinthians 14:35 1 Corinthians 14:35 women's education Jewish education debates
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Failed egalitarian arguments against Pillar 2

Mike lists and dismisses various egalitarian counter-arguments.

1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2:12 egalitarian arguments authenteo
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

1 Timothy 3:2 — 'husband of one wife' means only men can be elders

Mike argues the elder qualifications confirm male-only eldership.

1 Timothy 3:2 elder qualifications 1 Timothy 3:2 husband of one wife
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Boss teaching employees confirms 1 Timothy 2:12 is specifically about church/elder context

Mike uses the boss example to confirm the limited scope of 1 Timothy 2:12.

1 Timothy 2:12 Proverbs 31 1 Timothy 2:12 Proverbs 31 church context
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